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Whats aging? Its Genes and pathways

Aging, a complex process accompanied with the decline of multiple physiological, cellular and molecular functions, is associated with neurodegenerative diseases .

>>Numerous evidences show that aging undergoes significant changes in chromatin structure, which indicates that gene expression alteration is one of the potential mechanisms  of aging . Numerous genes have been identified in aging brain of different models.Therefore, identification of key genes and pathways occurred in aging brain would reap huge fruits for understanding the mechanisms of aging.

>>Its universally acknowledged that SAMP8 mouse is extensively used as a model of  aging-associated neurodegeneration  Accumulating evidence suggests that hippocampus or cerebral cortex regions were changed in normal aging process  and numerous DEGs have been examined in SAMP8 mice by different investigators. However, the functionally important genes and key pathways have not been revealed.

Important  key genes are :combined the 17 hub DEGs with the 44 functional DEGs, and sorted out 12 key genes including Trp53, Bcl2, Tnf,  Casp9, Fos, Il6, Ptgs2, Il1b, Bdnf, Cdkn1a, Pik3c3 and  Rps6ka1, whose relationship is shown in Fig. (7). Several key genes including Casp9, Fos, Ptgs2, Cdkn1a and Pik3c3 have been validated in 10-mothold SAMP8 mice, and the results were consistent with previous reports.

Alzheimer's disease is an aging-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by  amyloid deposition, neurofibrillary tangles, tau protein abnormal phosphorylation and regional selective  neuronal death.

Autism:It has been shown that oxytocin can improve the social information processing capacity of autistic patients and improve cognitive function  .In addition, Lee  et al. demonstrated that oxytocin can restore stressinduced alteration in LTP and memory function by regulating the activity of extracellular signal regulated kinase .

Jung  et al. found that the expression level of Ptgs2 in the  hippocampus of 24-month-old C57BL/6 mice was significantly reduced, which may be related to the age associated degeneration in synaptic plasticity

SAMP8 = Senescence-Accelerated Mouse P8
DEG=Differentially Expressed Genes

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