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ADHD: Neuropharmacology study

ADHD: Neuropharmacology study

 1. Molecular pharmacology: Stimulants (methylphenidate and amphetamines) increase levels of norepinephrine and dopamine by facilitating their release in the prefrontal cortex. Methylphenidate binds to the dopamine transporter and blocks the reuptake of dopamine from the synaptic cleft, whereas amphetamines increase the availability of norepinephrine and dopamine at the synaptic cleft by displacing them from the pre-synaptic terminal storage sites and by blocking the action of a degradative enzyme, catechol-o-methyltransferase.  REF 4. Pliszka S. Issues AWGoQ. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007;46(7):894–921. [PubMed] []

2 Behavioral pharmacology :After the medication wears off, their child becomes very irritable and aggressive.  The nonstimulants lack a mechanism of action linked to the abuse potential and they lack the desirable effects (speed of action, stimulant feel) that make stimulants susceptible to NMU (NONMEDICAL USE). The data suggest that ADHD medication misuse and diversion are common health care problems for stimulant medications, with the prevalence believed to be approximately 5% to 10% of high school students and 5% to 35% of college students, depending on the study. Stimulant effectiveness and speed of action are deemed desirable to enhance attention and focus performance for activities like studying, but stimulants are also misused recreationally.Ref:The potential for misuse and abuse of medications in ADHD: a review.
Clemow DB1, Walker DJ.

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